I will discuss new seminal findings in the human pathology of type 1 diabetes, which are relevant to developing new treatments, also for the field of islet and stem cell transplantation. In particular we observe that CD8 autoreactivity to preproinsulin is physiological and that type 1 diabetes appears to develop, when beta cells unveil themselves to the immune system. This more beta cell centric view of the pathogenesis allows us to rethink strategies to protect them, maybe in the future more efficiently. I will also discuss aspects of Novo Nordisk's program for type 1 diabetes.
